Did 69% of the FTTH funds go to far southwest Virginia?

I keep looking around online to see who's talking about Connect America and why.  And what are they saying?  Aside from gatherings in Duffield, Virginia and Austin, Texas on Thursday, where else are folks talking about Connect America?   

Here are just  a few examples, and then I ran some numbers, if for no other reason than my own curiosity's sake.  From 2005 - 2012, did 69% of the nation's USDA Community Connect grants for FTTH go to far southwest Virginia??  (chart below)

February 5, 2014: "Members of the Rural Broadband Policy Group (“RBPG”) applaud the FCC’s decision to adopt the Rural Broadband Trials experiment. The experiment opens the door for providers committed to rural communities to access funding to connect the unserved and close the digital divide. Today’s announcement is a major victory for rural consumers and rural broadband deployment."  http://ruralassembly.org/blog/2014/2/5/rural-groups-applaud-fcc-rural-broadband-trials-experiment

February 5, 2014:  "The transition to IP networks, and the policy modernization that will accompany it, represent the largest telecom changes since the ’96 Act. It’s going to be an exciting several years."  Rick Boucher  http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/197573-rick-boucher-the-future-of-telecommunications#ixzz2yDQO6WH3 

April 2, 2014:  "... the Connect America Fund (CAF) – the largest broadband infrastructure program ever established."  FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler blog entry at www.fcc.gov/blog/new-approaches-broadband-wireline-licensed-and-unlicensed

February 13, 2014: "Recently, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted the Rural Broadband Trials – an initiative soliciting proposals to bring advanced services to Rural America with support from the Connect America Fund. For the first time, cooperatives, municipalities, nonprofits, anchor institutions, and Tribal governments will be able to access federal funding to bring broadband service to rural areas. Interested parties have been asked to submit “Expressions of Interest” by March 7th. This is a historic opportunity for entities committed to rural communities and for rural advocates to be part of the technology conversations that impact our everyday lives." Center for Rural Strategies at http://www.ruralstrategies.org/blog-post/webinar-fcc-rural-broadband-trials-funding-connect-rural-america

They totally lost me on that second sentence.  "For the first time, cooperatives, municipalities, nonprofits, anchor institutions, and Tribal governments will be able to access federal funding to bring broadband service to rural areas."  Really??  In contrast, it appears to me that a more correct sentence would be, "Since 2002, cooperatives, municipalities, nonprofits, anchor institutions, and Tribal governments have been accessing federal funding to bring broadband service to rural areas." 

"Major victory" sounds great.  "Largest telecom changes since the ’96 Act" does sounds exciting. "Historic opportunity" sounds wonderful.  "Largest broadband infrastructure program ever established" sounds huge.  (Although I do understand that only a currently unknown portion, will be available through the upcoming competitive application process, Connect America Phase II.)

  

But I am certainly not convinced that "For the first time, cooperatives, municipalities, nonprofits, anchor institutions, and Tribal governments will be able to access federal funding to bring broadband service to rural areas," as stated by the Center for Rural Strategies.

I will admit, aside from the one-time ARRA BIP funds in 2010, from 2005 - 2012, most of the federal grants specifically for rural "last mile" Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) connections, the USDA Community Connect program, went to far southwest Virginia.  Until 2013, almost every other Community Connect grantee was providing broadband through Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC), DSL or wireless. It appears that far southwest Virginia was perhaps running "ahead of the game" in deploying rural FTTH through Community Connect grants during 2005-2012. 

community	grant	population	"per person"	service	year
Rose Hill VA "my grant"	$506,048	714	$709	FTTH	2005
Ewing VA (CDP) "my grant"	$454,558	436	$1,043	FTTH	2006
Saint Charles VA "my grant"	$594,400	159	$3,738	FTTH	2007
Blackwater VA "my grant"	$759,600	90	$8,440	FTTH	2008
Yuma VA "my neighbor's grant"	$999,207	100	$9,992	FTTH	2008
Toms Creek VA "my neighbor's grant"	$1,500,000	100	$15,000	FTTH	2012
Flat Top VA "my neighbor's grant"	$1,500,000	30	$50,000	FTTH	2011
Saint Paul AK	$554,140	532	$1,042	FTTH	2012
Tule River Indian Reservation CA	$795,630	566	$1,406	FTTH	2005
Raymondville MO	$727,388	442	$1,646	FTTH	2007
Oxford ID	$198,292	53	$3,741	FTTH	2005
Darbyville OH	$603,200	40	$15,080	FTTH	2007
Total	$9,192,463

  

Unless some other 2008 grantees were doing FTTH, which doesn't appear to be likely, then from 2005 - 2012, seven out of the twelve Community Connect grants for rural FTTH went to far southwest Virginia.  Collectively, those 7 grant awards add up to 69% of the funds spent on FTTH projects.

Accordingly, from 2005 - 2012, about 69% of the total federal Community Connect grant funds for rural FTTH connections went to far southwest Virginia.  

My Brother's "Amicus Curiae" in the Supreme Court of the United States

My Brother's "Amicus Curiae" 

in the Supreme Court of the United States,

the 1996 Telecommunications Act, 

and a 2014 "Pro-Public Broadband Frenzy"

Of course, there was a lot of "rural broadband deployment" action even before 2002, when Scott County Telephone Cooperative secured the federal Community Connect grant for the Pioneer Center in Duffield, Virginia. The history of rural broadband deployment includes, for example, the 1996 Telecommunications Act.

Here's part of one of my recent facebook posts, "I google 'Rick Boucher 1995 telecommunications.' The search results produce 45,600 results. I click on the very top link. and VOILA! lol! First it says 'In the Supreme Court of the United States' at the top of the page and at the bottom of the page there's 2 names: Rick Boucher and Steven R. Minor!! There's my brother's name on the first page of the top link!!! It might be a big Internet, but it's a small world." 

His facebook comment response, "I got involved with those projects because I wrote an unsolicited piece for the Bristol paper in support of BVU's fiber plans."   

My brother lives and works in Bristol, Virginia and the "BVU" he's referring to is Bristol Virginia Utilities Board.  You can read more about it in the document. Of course, since my brother wrote it, I think it's an absolutely excellent document.  It provides an historic overview into the 1996 Telecommunications Act and rural broadband deployment action.  The document was written by my brother for Rick Boucher and it was accepted in the Supreme Court of the United States as an "Amicus Curiae," a "friend of the court" document.  

The "Amicus Curiae" document began with the argument that, "The 1996 Telecommunications Act was the product of years of work by Congressman Boucher and other Members of Congress to increase the availability of telecommunications services and competition among telecommunications."  The topic at hand appeared to be focused primarily on, "whether Congress intended the 1996 Act to preempt state laws that would be barriers to the entry of local governments into the market for providing telecommunications services."  The first sentence on the document's "Argument" launched a very strong stance, stating, "State laws prohibiting local governments from providing telecommunications services are invalid."

Check it out, an overview of the 1996 Telecommunications Act is included in my brother's "Amicus Curiae" in the Supreme Court of the United States, available at www.baller.com/pdfs/boucher_amicus.pdf.  

Now fast forward to 2014.  Apparently, whether or not "State laws prohibiting local governments from providing telecommunications services are invalid" is still a hot topic in many ways.  

For example, the title of a March 6, 2014 blog post by Craig Settles, available at www.roisforyou.wordpress.com/2014/03/06/tennessee-legies-go-into-pro-public-broadband-frenzy/, exclaimed that Tennessee legislators were going into a "Pro-Public Broadband Frenzy."  In the blog entry, Craig Settles stated that "Tennessee legislators were quietly ushering through not one but FOUR bills to un-do some of the restrictions previous legies put in place several years ago.  This kind of reversal is practically unheard of in the 19 states that clamped lids on muni nets."  He further commented, "Actually what’s happening is full bi-partisanship in dual-chamber drives."  

He also emphasized the significance of Tennessee's "Pro-Public Broadband Frenzy," stating, "First and foremost, this development means that the reality of broadband’s role as the utility of the 21st Century has taken root in at least one formerly hostile statehouse."

In his blog, he provided a list of the bills, links for more information about the bills, and short summaries. His summaries included bills that "Lets electric co-ops with dark fiber serve people un-served by telephone co-op" and "Allows muni utilities to expand broadband into rural communities."  

Here's one of the links he provided: 

http://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/billinfo/BillSummaryArchive.aspx?BillNumber=HB2482&ga=108

More Numbers

In the first post I stated, "The 2005 “Connect Rose Hill” project provided the lowest grant award “per person” cost for Fiber-to-the-Home service of all USDA Community Connect grants awarded during 2005 – 2012 across the nation."    Maybe The Washington Post reporter was unimpressed with taking Fiber-to-the-Home to a community with a population of 714, but that project was a real bargain for the funder in comparison to all the others projects funded through Community Connect over a period of 8 years.

I also stated on the first post that, "The 2012 “Connect McCombs” project received the highest “per person” USDA Community Connect grant award in the nation since at least 2005."

Of course, none of the "per person" numbers include all the folks that got hooked-up along the way in order to get to the community with a population of 15.  A high "per person" rate could reflect a willingness to build out many miles to get to a community, communities which had population numbers provided in the Rand McNally list, but no geographic boundaries. 

Anyway, how do I make such claims?  I ran the numbers.

In the first spreadsheet, I sorted the data first by service type and then by "per person" based on community population.  The first spreadsheet includes 2013 grant awards, but since the definition of "community" broadened in 2013, you can't track community population anymore, so I referred to 2005 - 2012 in my sentence, just the years where the data is available and I went through the trouble of looking up and entering the data.  

In the second spreadsheet, I sorted the data by just "per person."  

Here are the spreadsheets: 

2005 - 2013 USDA RUS Community Connect  grant awards:
community	grant	population	"per person"	service	year
Rose Hill VA "my grant"	$506,048	714	$709	FTTH	2005
Saint Paul AK	$554,140	532	$1,042	FTTH	2012
Ewing VA (CDP) "my grant"	$454,558	436	$1,043	FTTH	2006
Tule River Indian Reservation CA	$795,630	566	$1,406	FTTH	2005
Raymondville MO	$727,388	442	$1,646	FTTH	2007
Saint Charles VA "my grant"	$594,400	159	$3,738	FTTH	2007
Oxford ID	$198,292	53	$3,741	FTTH	2005
Blackwater VA "my grant"	$759,600	90	$8,440	FTTH	2008
Yuma VA "my neighbor's grant"	$999,207	100	$9,992	FTTH	2008
Toms Creek VA "my neighbor's grant"	$1,500,000	100	$15,000	FTTH	2012
Darbyville OH	$603,200	40	$15,080	FTTH	2007
Flat Top VA "my neighbor's grant"	$1,500,000	30	$50,000	FTTH	2011
Northern Rural Barnes County ND	$3,000,000			FTTH	2013
Southern Rural Barnes County ND	$3,000,000			FTTH	2013
Stanley Valley TN "my neighbor's grant"	$2,607,000			FTTH	2013
Saddle Mountain OK	$1,600,000			FTTH	2013
Pleasant Branch SC	$1,009,565			FTTH	2013
Ringgold TX	$978,000			FTTH	2013
Acme OK	$933,000			FTTH	2013
Cookietown OK	$867,000			FTTH	2013
Tangipahoa LA	$345,271	747	$462	HFC	2007
Wilmar AR	$406,315	571	$712	HFC	2007
Fruitvale TX	$421,882	418	$1,009	HFC	2007
Cleveland VA (town)	$220,650	148	$1,491	HFC	2006
Macks Creek MO	$416,045	267	$1,558	HFC	2007
Hurley VA "my grant"	$997,015	600	$1,662	HFC	2009
Heidelburg KY	$576,400	300	$1,921	HFC	2011
Sedgwick CO	$402,666	191	$2,108	HFC	2009
Panther WV	$571,900	200	$2,860	HFC	2011
Rundo AR	$681,070	237	$2,874	HFC	2009
Aubrey AR	$735,020	221	$3,326	HFC	2009
Brownington MO	$471,905	119	$3,966	HFC	2009
LaGrange AR	$667,120	122	$5,468	HFC	2009
Carbo VA	$610,300	80	$7,629	HFC	2009
Reader AR	$656,454	82	$8,006	HFC	2008
Yellow Rock KY	$583,400	35	$16,669	HFC	2011
Endicott KY "my grant"	$993,339	50	$19,867	HFC	2011
McCombs KY "my grant"	$1,059,704	15	$70,647	HFC	2012
Glacier View and Chickaloon AK	$2,941,246			HFC	2013
Lambric and Rousseau KY	$704,600			HFC	2013
Ida May KY	$480,420			HFC	2013
Trammel VA	$549,890	400	$1,375	HFC?	2008
Wabbaseka AR	$591,835	323	$1,832	HFC?	2008
Pawnee TX	$621,610	201	$3,093	HFC?	2008
Berry KY (city)	$209,891	310	$677	DSL	2006
Monterey KY (city)	$214,153	167	$1,282	DSL	2006
San Juan Pueblo NM	$565,963	2,342	$242	wireless	2005
Los Indios TX	$432,695	1,149	$377	wireless	2005
Yurok Reservation CA	$564,000	1,103	$511	wireless	2009
Navajo Mountain UT	$205,416	379	$542	wireless	2007
Bassfield MS (town)	$176,800	315	$561	wireless	2006
Evans LA	$144,670	250	$579	wireless	2012
Orocovis, Puerto Rico	$568,569	909	$625	wireless	2005
Mesita NM (CDP)	$487,971	776	$629	wireless	2006
Dumas MS (town)	$295,031	452	$653	wireless	2006
Fallon Indian Reservation NV	$432,000	620	$697	wireless	2008
Davy WV	$280,360	373	$752	wireless	2005
Lometa TX	$601,736	782	$769	wireless	2009
Paraje NM (CDP)	$527,736	669	$789	wireless	2006
Encinal TX	$511,229	629	$813	wireless	2005
Red Mesa AZ	$195,279	237	$824	wireless	2007
Moenkopi AZ	$750,000	901	$832	wireless	2005
Timberlake SD	$393,309	443	$888	wireless	2005
Marble City OK	$223,417	242	$923	wireless	2009
Mora LA	$144,670	150	$964	wireless	2012
Schlater MS	$343,638	338	$1,017	wireless	2005
Elk River ID (city)	$162,941	156	$1,044	wireless	2006
Glendora MS	$325,405	285	$1,142	wireless	2005
Huerfano NM	$436,461	379	$1,152	wireless	2005
Paguate NM (CDP)	$550,908	474	$1,162	wireless	2006
Haworth OK (town)	$417,544	354	$1,180	wireless	2006
Aguilar CO	$743,281	593	$1,253	wireless	2007
Tushka OK	$480,000	345	$1,391	wireless	2011
Vina AL	$570,800	400	$1,427	wireless	2011
Laguna NM (CDP)	$663,939	423	$1,570	wireless	2006
Clark Fork ID	$834,164	530	$1,574	wireless	2009
Seama NM (CDP)	$550,908	333	$1,654	wireless	2006
Oktaha OK	$551,321	327	$1,686	wireless	2005
Nespelem WA	$359,828	212	$1,697	wireless	2005
Rattan OK (town)	$417,544	241	$1,733	wireless	2006
Mechanicsburg VA	$311,300	170	$1,831	wireless	2008
Columbus KY (city)	$426,321	229	$1,862	wireless	2006
Springdale WA (town)	$529,340	283	$1,870	wireless	2006
Chidester AR	$683,009	360	$1,897	wireless	2008
Hornbrook CA	$550,950	286	$1,926	wireless	2009
French Camp MS	$761,000	393	$1,936	wireless	2007
Gratz City KY	$177,487	89	$1,994	wireless	2007
Hanksville UT	$512,655	250	$2,051	wireless	2005
Dodson LA	$758,227	357	$2,124	wireless	2005
Tatums OK	$371,139	172	$2,158	wireless	2007
Los Cerrillos NM	$550,950	229	$2,406	wireless	2009
Walker Lake NV	$993,704	400	$2,484	wireless	2008
Gans OK (town)	$531,750	208	$2,556	wireless	2006
Pioneer LA	$442,500	171	$2,588	wireless	2005
Hall Summit LA	$685,091	264	$2,595	wireless	2007
Encinal NM (CDP)	$550,908	200	$2,755	wireless	2006
Graysville OH	$316,840	113	$2,804	wireless	2007
Cornish OK	$494,000	172	$2,872	wireless	2011
Northport WA	$997,780	336	$2,970	wireless	2007
Orleans CA	$1,141,870	375	$3,045	wireless	2011
Reedy WV	$628,200	198	$3,173	wireless	2008
Gabbs NV	$1,046,798	318	$3,292	wireless	2011
Concord KY (city)	$94,430	28	$3,373	wireless	2006
Smithville OK (town)	$417,544	123	$3,395	wireless	2006
Hughes AK	$278,871	78	$3,575	wireless	2005
Olean MO	$570,800	157	$3,636	wireless	2011
Shamrock OK	$535,998	125	$4,288	wireless	2009
Leon OK	$481,000	96	$5,010	wireless	2011
Keller WA	$1,303,794	250	$5,215	wireless	2012
Brumley MO	$570,800	102	$5,596	wireless	2011
Round Valley Reservation CA	$474,886	82	$5,791	wireless	2009
Kildare OK	$577,618	92	$6,278	wireless	2009
Stafford OH	$570,800	86	$6,637	wireless	2011
Whelen Springs AR	$570,800	84	$6,795	wireless	2011
Enterprise LA	$924,308	130	$7,110	wireless	2009
Marcus WA	$834,881	117	$7,136	wireless	2007
Yeager OK	$498,500	67	$7,440	wireless	2009
Nankipoo TN	$246,448	30	$8,215	wireless	2008
Tannersville VA "my grant"	$855,000	100	$8,550	wireless	2008
Clearview OK	$498,500	56	$8,902	wireless	2009
Larto LA	$1,116,505	120	$9,304	wireless	2011
Manifest LA	$1,116,505	120	$9,304	wireless	2011
Mauckport IN	$782,000	83	$9,422	wireless	2012
Manzano NM	$550,950	54	$10,203	wireless	2009
Birdsong AR	$570,800	40	$14,270	wireless	2011
Jerome AR	$719,736	46	$15,646	wireless	2007
Atlantic City WY	$622,447	39	$15,960	wireless	2008
Dixville NH	$514,500	20	$25,725	wireless	2008
Kasaan AK (city)	$1,031,133	39	$26,439	wireless	2006
Grant VA	$837,453	30	$27,915	wireless	2009
Cooperton OK	$597,000	20	$29,850	wireless	2009
Sunset TX	$863,000			wireless	2013
Agawam OK	$833,000			wireless	2013
Applegate MI	$223,862	287	$780	wireless?	2008
Black Rock NM	$856,611	1,252	$684	unknown	2008
Mayersville MS	$615,166	795	$774	unknown	2008
Salem NM	$857,161	795	$1,078	unknown	2008
Ferdinand ID	$213,053	145	$1,469	unknown	2008
Woodsfords CA	$464,200	219	$2,120	unknown	2008
Malden WA	$671,008	215	$3,121	unknown	2008
Stratford NH	$578,150	150	$3,854	unknown	2008
Lima OK	$544,164	74	$7,354	unknown	2008
Tatilek AK	$1,000,000	107	$9,346	unknown	2008
Ofu Village, American Samoa	$820,343			unknown	2007
Upper White River Valley NV	$442,468			unknown	2013
Total	$96,434,674	39,203

2005 - 2013 USDA RUS Community Connect  grant awards:
community	grant	population	"per person"	service	year
McCombs KY "my grant"	$1,059,704	15	$70,647	HFC	2012
Flat Top VA "my neighbor's grant"	$1,500,000	30	$50,000	FTTH	2011
Cooperton OK	$597,000	20	$29,850	wireless	2009
Grant VA	$837,453	30	$27,915	wireless	2009
Kasaan AK (city)	$1,031,133	39	$26,439	wireless	2006
Dixville NH	$514,500	20	$25,725	wireless	2008
Endicott KY "my grant"	$993,339	50	$19,867	HFC	2011
Yellow Rock KY	$583,400	35	$16,669	HFC	2011
Atlantic City WY	$622,447	39	$15,960	wireless	2008
Jerome AR	$719,736	46	$15,646	wireless	2007
Darbyville OH	$603,200	40	$15,080	FTTH	2007
Toms Creek VA "my neighbor's grant"	$1,500,000	100	$15,000	FTTH	2012
Birdsong AR	$570,800	40	$14,270	wireless	2011
Manzano NM	$550,950	54	$10,203	wireless	2009
Yuma VA "my neighbor's grant"	$999,207	100	$9,992	FTTH	2008
Mauckport IN	$782,000	83	$9,422	wireless	2012
Tatilek AK	$1,000,000	107	$9,346	unknown	2008
Larto LA	$1,116,505	120	$9,304	wireless	2011
Manifest LA	$1,116,505	120	$9,304	wireless	2011
Clearview OK	$498,500	56	$8,902	wireless	2009
Tannersville VA "my grant"	$855,000	100	$8,550	wireless	2008
Blackwater VA "my grant"	$759,600	90	$8,440	FTTH	2008
Nankipoo TN	$246,448	30	$8,215	wireless	2008
Reader AR	$656,454	82	$8,006	HFC	2008
Carbo VA	$610,300	80	$7,629	HFC	2009
Yeager OK	$498,500	67	$7,440	wireless	2009
Lima OK	$544,164	74	$7,354	unknown	2008
Marcus WA	$834,881	117	$7,136	wireless	2007
Enterprise LA	$924,308	130	$7,110	wireless	2009
Whelen Springs AR	$570,800	84	$6,795	wireless	2011
Stafford OH	$570,800	86	$6,637	wireless	2011
Kildare OK	$577,618	92	$6,278	wireless	2009
Round Valley Reservation CA	$474,886	82	$5,791	wireless	2009
Brumley MO	$570,800	102	$5,596	wireless	2011
LaGrange AR	$667,120	122	$5,468	HFC	2009
Keller WA	$1,303,794	250	$5,215	wireless	2012
Leon OK	$481,000	96	$5,010	wireless	2011
Shamrock OK	$535,998	125	$4,288	wireless	2009
Brownington MO	$471,905	119	$3,966	HFC	2009
Stratford NH	$578,150	150	$3,854	unknown	2008
Oxford ID	$198,292	53	$3,741	FTTH	2005
Saint Charles VA "my grant"	$594,400	159	$3,738	FTTH	2007
Olean MO	$570,800	157	$3,636	wireless	2011
Hughes AK	$278,871	78	$3,575	wireless	2005
Smithville OK (town)	$417,544	123	$3,395	wireless	2006
Concord KY (city)	$94,430	28	$3,373	wireless	2006
Aubrey AR	$735,020	221	$3,326	HFC	2009
Gabbs NV	$1,046,798	318	$3,292	wireless	2011
Reedy WV	$628,200	198	$3,173	wireless	2008
Malden WA	$671,008	215	$3,121	unknown	2008
Pawnee TX	$621,610	201	$3,093	HFC?	2008
Orleans CA	$1,141,870	375	$3,045	wireless	2011
Northport WA	$997,780	336	$2,970	wireless	2007
Rundo AR	$681,070	237	$2,874	HFC	2009
Cornish OK	$494,000	172	$2,872	wireless	2011
Panther WV	$571,900	200	$2,860	HFC	2011
Graysville OH	$316,840	113	$2,804	wireless	2007
Encinal NM (CDP)	$550,908	200	$2,755	wireless	2006
Hall Summit LA	$685,091	264	$2,595	wireless	2007
Pioneer LA	$442,500	171	$2,588	wireless	2005
Gans OK (town)	$531,750	208	$2,556	wireless	2006
Walker Lake NV	$993,704	400	$2,484	wireless	2008
Los Cerrillos NM	$550,950	229	$2,406	wireless	2009
Tatums OK	$371,139	172	$2,158	wireless	2007
Dodson LA	$758,227	357	$2,124	wireless	2005
Woodsfords CA	$464,200	219	$2,120	unknown	2008
Sedgwick CO	$402,666	191	$2,108	HFC	2009
Hanksville UT	$512,655	250	$2,051	wireless	2005
Gratz City KY	$177,487	89	$1,994	wireless	2007
French Camp MS	$761,000	393	$1,936	wireless	2007
Hornbrook CA	$550,950	286	$1,926	wireless	2009
Heidelburg KY	$576,400	300	$1,921	HFC	2011
Chidester AR	$683,009	360	$1,897	wireless	2008
Springdale WA (town)	$529,340	283	$1,870	wireless	2006
Columbus KY (city)	$426,321	229	$1,862	wireless	2006
Wabbaseka AR	$591,835	323	$1,832	HFC?	2008
Mechanicsburg VA	$311,300	170	$1,831	wireless	2008
Rattan OK (town)	$417,544	241	$1,733	wireless	2006
Nespelem WA	$359,828	212	$1,697	wireless	2005
Oktaha OK	$551,321	327	$1,686	wireless	2005
Hurley VA "my grant"	$997,015	600	$1,662	HFC	2009
Seama NM (CDP)	$550,908	333	$1,654	wireless	2006
Raymondville MO	$727,388	442	$1,646	FTTH	2007
Clark Fork ID	$834,164	530	$1,574	wireless	2009
Laguna NM (CDP)	$663,939	423	$1,570	wireless	2006
Macks Creek MO	$416,045	267	$1,558	HFC	2007
Cleveland VA (town)	$220,650	148	$1,491	HFC	2006
Ferdinand ID	$213,053	145	$1,469	unknown	2008
Vina AL	$570,800	400	$1,427	wireless	2011
Tule River Indian Reservation CA	$795,630	566	$1,406	FTTH	2005
Tushka OK	$480,000	345	$1,391	wireless	2011
Trammel VA	$549,890	400	$1,375	HFC?	2008
Monterey KY (city)	$214,153	167	$1,282	DSL	2006
Aguilar CO	$743,281	593	$1,253	wireless	2007
Haworth OK (town)	$417,544	354	$1,180	wireless	2006
Paguate NM (CDP)	$550,908	474	$1,162	wireless	2006
Huerfano NM	$436,461	379	$1,152	wireless	2005
Glendora MS	$325,405	285	$1,142	wireless	2005
Salem NM	$857,161	795	$1,078	unknown	2008
Elk River ID (city)	$162,941	156	$1,044	wireless	2006
Ewing VA (CDP) "my grant"	$454,558	436	$1,043	FTTH	2006
Saint Paul AK	$554,140	532	$1,042	FTTH	2012
Schlater MS	$343,638	338	$1,017	wireless	2005
Fruitvale TX	$421,882	418	$1,009	HFC	2007
Mora LA	$144,670	150	$964	wireless	2012
Marble City OK	$223,417	242	$923	wireless	2009
Timberlake SD	$393,309	443	$888	wireless	2005
Moenkopi AZ	$750,000	901	$832	wireless	2005
Red Mesa AZ	$195,279	237	$824	wireless	2007
Encinal TX	$511,229	629	$813	wireless	2005
Paraje NM (CDP)	$527,736	669	$789	wireless	2006
Applegate MI	$223,862	287	$780	wireless?	2008
Mayersville MS	$615,166	795	$774	unknown	2008
Lometa TX	$601,736	782	$769	wireless	2009
Davy WV	$280,360	373	$752	wireless	2005
Wilmar AR	$406,315	571	$712	HFC	2007
Rose Hill VA "my grant"	$506,048	714	$709	FTTH	2005
Fallon Indian Reservation NV	$432,000	620	$697	wireless	2008
Black Rock NM	$856,611	1,252	$684	unknown	2008
Berry KY (city)	$209,891	310	$677	DSL	2006
Dumas MS (town)	$295,031	452	$653	wireless	2006
Mesita NM (CDP)	$487,971	776	$629	wireless	2006
Orocovis, Puerto Rico	$568,569	909	$625	wireless	2005
Evans LA	$144,670	250	$579	wireless	2012
Bassfield MS (town)	$176,800	315	$561	wireless	2006
Navajo Mountain UT	$205,416	379	$542	wireless	2007
Yurok Reservation CA	$564,000	1,103	$511	wireless	2009
Tangipahoa LA	$345,271	747	$462	HFC	2007
Los Indios TX	$432,695	1,149	$377	wireless	2005
San Juan Pueblo NM	$565,963	2,342	$242	wireless	2005
Northern Rural Barnes County ND	$3,000,000			FTTH	2013
Southern Rural Barnes County ND	$3,000,000			FTTH	2013
Glacier View and Chickaloon AK	$2,941,246			HFC	2013
Stanley Valley TN "my neighbor's grant"	$2,607,000			FTTH	2013
Saddle Mountain OK	$1,600,000			FTTH	2013
Pleasant Branch SC	$1,009,565			FTTH	2013
Ringgold TX	$978,000			FTTH	2013
Acme OK	$933,000			FTTH	2013
Cookietown OK	$867,000			FTTH	2013
Sunset TX	$863,000			wireless	2013
Agawam OK	$833,000			wireless	2013
Lambric and Rousseau KY	$704,600			HFC	2013
Ida May KY	$480,420			HFC	2013
Upper White River Valley NV	$442,468			unknown	2013
Ofu Village, American Samoa	$820,343			unknown	2007
Total	$96,434,674	39,203